Swimming And Biomechanics Essay Example For Students

Swimming And Biomechanics Essay Natural forces affect the movements of swimmers in water. And it is often useful to know how these forces act. This knowledge will help swimming teachers and coaches analyze swimming skills and assist them to understand how these forces influence movement, so that they can encourage beginners to be better swimmers or good swimmers to achieve there optimum potential. Biomechanics is the branch of science that is concerned with understanding the relationship between a living bodys structure and function relative to movement. In this paper the swimming form of the front crawl stroke will be analyzed, which may result in improvement in the following areas: Improving performance Preventing injury Correcting weaknesses Identifying ways to alter human movement patterns Biomechanics is considered to be the physics of how the body moves. We will write a custom essay on Swimming And Biomechanics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When these physical principles are applied to sports skills it becomes an integrated study between the internal forces produced by the body and the naturally occurring external forces that act on the body as skills are executed (Carr, 1997, p4.). Although the final quality of movement will totally depend upon the athletes (swimmers) ability to integrate both internal forces generated by muscular actions with the external forces of gravity, buoyancy, fiction and mass that are present during swimming. When looking at swimming one must first look at how the human body acts and generates forces in water. Water is a unique environment. It possesses qualities that will assist the swimmer, but it also has qualities that will impede the swimmers progress through the water. For instance, the waters density provides a buoyant force for the swimmer, while at the same time providing resistance to the swimmers propulsion (, 1995, p42). Topics to continue with: Main principles and their application Density Water Resistance Skin/Frictional Resistance Frontal/Wave Resistance Eddy/Turbulence Resistance Propulsion Water Friction Propulsive Drag Lift Force Streamlining The main principles and their application of the front crawl stoke Buoyancy Flotation An object that is immersed either totally or partially in water experiences an upward force as the waters density endeavors to stop it from sinking (Maglischo, 1982). This upward force is known as the buoyant force and acts through the center of the displaced water. This force therefore, tends to counteract the effect of gravity and the weight of the object, the net result being that the weight of the object is reduced by the upward force of buoyancy (Costill, 1992). (#Diagram#) Every object has an absolute center position where all forces exerted by the body equal zero. This central point of an objects mass is known as the center of gravity and is the point around which it balances. The center of gravity is approximately 50-52% of an individuals height, as there is an equal spread of mass above and below this point (Allen, 1999). The same can be said for the center of buoyancy, as above and below this point there is an equal spread of volume of the displaced water (Allen, 1999). The location of the center of buoyancy which is the center of the water displaced by the body, is actually closer to the head than in the location of the center of gravity. The reasons for this are: The volume of water displaced has a greater mass then the chest area. The chest has a lower density than the water because of its lung capacity. Therefore the upward force of buoyancy acts thought a point higher up the body than the center of gravity (Costill, 1992). (#Diagram#) (I may need to include more?) (And relate it back to the front crawl?) Density The term specific gravity is used to describe the ratio between an objects density to that of waters density. Pure water density being the reference point having a specific gravity of 1.00 (Carr, 1997, p67). Therefore anything placed in water will float or sink in accordance to its own specific gravity value. Anything greater than 1.00, will sink. .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098 , .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098 .postImageUrl , .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098 , .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098:hover , .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098:visited , .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098:active { border:0!important; } .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098:active , .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098 .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43cda09f80a70a3e0be3d5728fda7098:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Media analyse two adverts Essay While anything less than 1.00 will float. In the human body there is variation from person to person, this is due to the amount of air in ones lungs and the percentage of bone, muscle and fat, which all vary in their own individual masses. Both bone and muscle are heavier than fat. From this information one can assume that a lean and muscular body or one with a heavy bone structure, will not float as well as one that is the opposite. (Chart #1. ) Relationship between Specific Gravity Body Composition Studies have shown that: in general, the specific gravity of women will . Swimming And Biomechanics Essay Example For Students Swimming And Biomechanics Essay Natural forces affect the movements of swimmers in water. And it is often useful to know how these forces act. This knowledge will help swimming teachers and coaches analyze swimming skills and assist them to understand how these forces influence movement, so that they can encourage beginners to be better swimmers or good swimmers to achieve there optimum potential. Biomechanics is the branch of science that is concerned with understanding the relationship between a living bodys structure and function relative to movement. In this paper the swimming form of the front crawl stroke will be analyzed, which may result in improvement in the following areas: Improving performance Preventing injury Correcting weaknesses Identifying ways to alter human movement patterns ;Biomechanics is considered to be the physics of how the body moves. We will write a custom essay on Swimming And Biomechanics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When these physical principles are applied to sports skills it becomes an integrated study between the internal forces produced by the body and the naturally occurring external forces that act on the body as skills are executed (Carr, 1997, p4.);. Although the final quality of movement will totally depend upon the athletes (swimmers) ability to integrate both internal forces generated by muscular actions with the external forces of gravity, buoyancy, fiction and mass that are present during swimming. When looking at swimming one must first look at how the human body acts and generates forces in water. ;Water is a unique environment. It possesses qualities that will assist the swimmer, but it also has qualities that will impede the swimmers progress through the water. For instance, the waters density provides a buoyant force for the swimmer, while at the same time providing resistance to the swimmers propulsion (, 1995, p42);. Topics to continue with: Main principles and their application Density Water Resistance Skin/Frictional Resistance Frontal/Wave Resistance Eddy/Turbulence Resistance Propulsion Water Friction Propulsive Drag Lift Force Streamlining The main principles and their application of the front crawl stoke Buoyancy ; Flotation An object that is immersed either totally or partially in water experiences an upward force as the waters density endeavors to stop it from sinking (Maglischo, 1982). This upward force is known as the buoyant force and acts through the center of the displaced water. This force therefore, tends to counteract the effect of gravity and the weight of the object, the net result being that the weight of the object is reduced by the upward force of buoyancy (Costill, 1992). (#Diagram#) Every object has an absolute center position where all forces exerted by the body equal zero. This central point of an objects mass is known as the center of gravity and is the point around which it balances. ;The center of gravity is approximately 50-52% of an individuals height, as there is an equal spread of mass above and below this point (Allen, 1999);. The same can be said for the center of buoyancy, as above and below this point there is an equal spread of volume of the displaced water (Allen, 1999). The location of the center of buoyancy which is the center of the water displaced by the body, is actually closer to the head than in the location of the center of gravity. The reasons for this are: The volume of water displaced has a greater mass then the chest area. The chest has a lower density than the water because of its lung capacity. Therefore the upward force of buoyancy acts thought a point higher up the body than the center of gravity (Costill, 1992). (#Diagram#) (I may need to include more?) (And relate it back to the front crawl?) Density The term specific gravity is used to describe the ratio between an objects density to that of waters density. ;Pure water density being the ;reference point; having a specific gravity of 1.00 (Carr, 1997, p67);. Therefore anything placed in water will float or sink in accordance to its own specific gravity value. Anything greater than 1.00, will sink. .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6 , .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6 .postImageUrl , .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6 , .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6:hover , .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6:visited , .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6:active { border:0!important; } .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6:active , .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6 .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue6aaf8170da00ed5e5b320146eba9df6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: AGRICULTURE Essay While anything less than 1.00 will float. In the human body there is variation from person to person, this is due to the amount of air in ones lungs and the percentage of bone, muscle and fat, which all vary in their own individual masses. Both bone and muscle are heavier than fat. From this information one can assume that a lean and muscular body or one with a heavy bone structure, will not float as well as one that is the opposite. (Chart #1. ) Relationship between Specific Gravity Body Composition Studies have shown that: in general, the specific gravity of women will .

charles robert darwin essays

charles robert darwin essays Darwin, Charles Robert (1809-1882), cientà ­fico britnico que sent las bases de la moderna teorà ­a evolutiva, al plantear el concepto de que todas las formas de vida se han desarrollado a travs de un lento proceso de seleccin natural. Su trabajo tuvo una influencia decisiva sobre las diferentes disciplinas cientà ­ficas, y sobre el pensamiento moderno en general. Nacido en Shrewsbury, Shropshire, el 12 de febrero de 1809, Darwin fue el quinto hijo de una acomodada y sofisticada familia inglesa. Su abuelo materno fue el prspero empresario de porcelanas Josiah Wedgwood; su abuelo paterno fue el famoso mdico del siglo XVIII Erasmus Darwin. Tras terminar sus estudios en la Shrewsbury School en 1825, Darwin estudi medicina en la Universidad de Edimburgo. En 1827 abandon la carrera e ingres en la Universidad de Cambridge con el fin de convertirse en ministro de la Iglesia de Inglaterra. Allà ­ conoci a dos influyentes personalidades: el gelogo Adam Sedgwick y el naturalista John Stevens Henslow. Este à ºltimo no slo ayud a Darwin a ganar confianza en sà ­ mismo, sino que tambin inculc a su alumno la necesidad de ser meticuloso y esmerado en la observacin de los fenmenos naturales y la recoleccin de especà ­menes. Tras graduarse en Cambridge en 1831, el joven Darwin se enrol a los 22 an de Henslow, para emprender una expedicin cientà ­fica alr ededor del mundo. Su trabajo como naturalista a bordo del Beagle le di la oportunidad de observar variadas formaciones geolgicas en distintos continentes e islas a lo largo del viaje, asà ­ como una amplia variedad de fsiles y organismos vivos. En sus observaciones geolgicas, Darwin se mostr&oacut...

Adaptation Mcdonalds

More recently, it also offers salads, fruit and carrot sticks. The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California. Their introduction of the â€Å"Speedee Service System† in 1948 established the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant. The present corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Illinois on April 15, 1955, the ninth McDonald’s restaurant overall. Kroc later purchased the McDonald brothers’ equity in the company and led its worldwide expansion. 3 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ What are the advantages and disadvantages of adaptation strategy used by McDonald’s? 4 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of adaptation strategy Advantages: †¢ Different cultures have different consumer needs and tastes †¢ Political and legal environment of the international market that they plan to enter †¢ Differences among nations in terms of cultures, religious believes, political and legal systems, customer values and lifestyles, and stages of economic and market development †¢ Differences in the advancement of technology †¢ Competition plays a major role in determining if a company will adopt a product adaptation scheme 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of adaptation strategy Disadvantages: †¢ The costs associated with adaptation can also play a major role in determining whether or not a firm chooses to standardize their product 6 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of adaptation strategy †¢ †¢ †¢ Cross any boarder and you will find multiple variations from price to product, starting with the presentation. Misconception that McDon alds is the same everywhere. Country teams have considerable autonomy to develop and market new product lines. Menu differences: Netherlands and Austria– Beer Germany – Chinese Week Canada – Mc Pizza India – Goat and lamb burgers half of menu vegetarian Japan – ingredients such as cabbage and Teriyaki USA – Barbecue bacon Burgers, sausage breakfast burritos 7 Are there examples of truly global brands that never customized? 8 Are there examples of truly global brands that never customized? Truly global Brands : †¢ In general we can say that straight extension (=standardization) has been implemented and already been successful with cameras, consumer electronics, and many machine tools. Stihl ( machinery and chainsaw producer) Nikon Olympus, Canon ( camera producers) Kitchen Aid (consumer electronics ) Caterpillar (trucks, bulldozers) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 9 What have been the key factors that have led to McDonald’s global success? 10 2. What have been the key factors that have led McDonalds to global success? †¢ †¢ †¢ Fast service enabled by a limited menu, focus on cleanliness, family friendly facilities, good value for money Emergence of cash-rich, time-poor lifestyle Societal acceptance of a more casual approach to eating on the run underscored the emergence of McDonalds Innovations in food preparation technology and service delivery providing a fast- service format that customers appreciate as well as a cost base that competitors found hard to match Waiter labor cost savings passed on directly to the consumers through lower prices McDonalds was the leader to introduce franchising in the global marketplace, augmenting the organic restaurant growth by harnessing the management, cultural and entrepreneurial capabilities and capital of local businesspeople around the world. Expanding across the globe Increasing restaurant penetration in already existing markets †¢ †¢ †¢ 11 2. What have been the key factors that have led McDonalds to global success? Key Faktors: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Economies of scale in production and distribution Power and scope Brand image was country suited Ability to leverage ideas quickly and efficiently Uniformity of marketing practices Pervasiveness of McDonalds brand 12 2. What have been the key factors that have led McDonalds to global success? †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ McDonald’s is seen as the number one representative of the all American lifestyle, which at the time when the expansion began was very popular. In some countries it is still a status symbol to go and have a meal at McDonald’s. Generally the cooperation is at pains to offer a selection of standardized core products ( Big Mac, Soft drinks, French Fries) in addition to locally accepted alternatives. Giving the multinational cooperation a local Face (thinking of Salzburg’s restaurant) In order to use synergies on the one hand and reduce national competences on the other a supranational administrative department had been set up in Europe. McDonald’s. has always been supported by US foreign policy Sources : http://de. wikipedia. org/wiki/McDonald’s; Kotler/Keller Marketing Management 13 What are the risks and benefits of choosing the franchising system for franchisor? 14 3. Risks and Benefits of franchise system Benefits for franchisor: The franchisor profits from the strongly motivated franchisee as a self-dependent entrepreneur †¢ The franchising as a way to overcome the resource scarcity through the direct market access †¢ The ability to overcome the high costs of arranging the new distribution network through using the well tailored network of franchisor †¢ Low capital investments for the product placement and region marketing through the franchisee †¢ The benefits from using a recognized brand name and trade marks through the reputation of the franchisor †¢ Extended expansion possibility through franchising 15 3. Risks and Benefits of franchise system Risks for franchisor: †¢ The existence of multiple, geographically dispersed owner-managers makes the control difficult †¢ Possible high costs of training development, promotional and support activities of franchisee †¢ Service delivery may be inconsistent because of geographically dispersed franchisees 16 What are the key issues by setting up a McDonald’s Franchisee? 17 4. Risks and Benefits of franchise system Benefits for the franchisee: †¢ Your business is based on a proven idea. You can check how successful other franchises are before committing yourself. †¢ You can use a recognized brand name and trade marks. You benefit from any advertising or promotion by the owner of the franchise – the â€Å"franchisor†. †¢ The franchisor gives you support – usually including training, help setting up the business, a manual telling you how to run the business and ongoing advice. †¢ Financing the business may be easier. Banks are sometimes more likely to lend money to buy a franchise with a good reputation. †¢ Risk is reduced and is shared by the franchisor. †¢ If you have an existing customer base you will not have to invest time looking to set one up. Relationships with suppliers have already been established. †¢ The ability to overcome the resource constrains. 18 4. Risks and Benefits of franchise system Risks for franchisee: †¢ Costs may be higher than you expect. As well as the initial costs of buying the franc hise, you pay continuing royalties and you may have to agree to buy products from the franchisor. †¢ The franchise agreement usually includes restrictions on how you run the business. You might not be able to make changes to suit your local market. †¢ The franchisor might go out of business, or change the way they do things. †¢ Other franchisees could give the brand a bad reputation. You may find it difficult to sell your franchise – you can only sell it to someone approved by the franchisor. 19 4. Costs and Restrictions Costs: Financial Requirements/Down Payment : Initial down payment for opening (40% of the total cost) or an existing restaurant (25% of the total cost) about 200. 000 $ nonborrowed resources Financing: McDonald’s does not offer financing; McDonald’s Owner/Operators enjoy the benefits of our established relationships with many national lending institutions 20 4. Costs and Restrictions Restrictions: During the term of the franchise, you pay McDonald’s the following fees: †¢ Service fee: a monthly fee based upon the restaurant’s sales performance (currently a service fee of 4. 0% of monthly sales). Rent: a monthly based rent or percentage rent that is a percentage of monthly sales. †¢ Application: Personal, non-borrowed resources to be invested in a McDonald’s restaurant business. †¢ Business experience in the market where they are seeking a franchise 21 What strategy would you adopt to ensure a great exposure for McDonald’s to a growing trend towards healthier eating? 22 5. Healthier eating at McDonald’s Currently: †¢ †¢ Low fat products in UK outlet Canadian light choices of Menu with a Soya bean McVeggie Burger, salads with a fat free dressing and a granola topped fruit yoghurt On packaging calorie and fat content information for the first time as it tries to counter the obesity lobby †¢ 23 5. Healthier eating at McDonald’s Future perspectives: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Using biologically grown resources Fat reduced meals Healthier ways of processing the food (eg. : don’t fry chips but bake them, less white bread burgers, regular vegetarian dishes,) Healthy, freshly squeezed Mc Shakes etc. Healthier Drinks not only Sodas To ensure high-quality, fresh ingredients, farms are set up in order to supply restaurants 24 Sources: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ www. McDonalds. com www. freeforessays. com/show_essay/55461. html D. Jobber â€Å"Principles and Practice of Marketing† Sources : http://de. wikipedia. org/wiki/McDonald’s Kotler/Keller Marketing Management 25 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 26 Adaptation Mcdonalds More recently, it also offers salads, fruit and carrot sticks. The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California. Their introduction of the â€Å"Speedee Service System† in 1948 established the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant. The present corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Illinois on April 15, 1955, the ninth McDonald’s restaurant overall. Kroc later purchased the McDonald brothers’ equity in the company and led its worldwide expansion. 3 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ What are the advantages and disadvantages of adaptation strategy used by McDonald’s? 4 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of adaptation strategy Advantages: †¢ Different cultures have different consumer needs and tastes †¢ Political and legal environment of the international market that they plan to enter †¢ Differences among nations in terms of cultures, religious believes, political and legal systems, customer values and lifestyles, and stages of economic and market development †¢ Differences in the advancement of technology †¢ Competition plays a major role in determining if a company will adopt a product adaptation scheme 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of adaptation strategy Disadvantages: †¢ The costs associated with adaptation can also play a major role in determining whether or not a firm chooses to standardize their product 6 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of adaptation strategy †¢ †¢ †¢ Cross any boarder and you will find multiple variations from price to product, starting with the presentation. Misconception that McDon alds is the same everywhere. Country teams have considerable autonomy to develop and market new product lines. Menu differences: Netherlands and Austria– Beer Germany – Chinese Week Canada – Mc Pizza India – Goat and lamb burgers half of menu vegetarian Japan – ingredients such as cabbage and Teriyaki USA – Barbecue bacon Burgers, sausage breakfast burritos 7 Are there examples of truly global brands that never customized? 8 Are there examples of truly global brands that never customized? Truly global Brands : †¢ In general we can say that straight extension (=standardization) has been implemented and already been successful with cameras, consumer electronics, and many machine tools. Stihl ( machinery and chainsaw producer) Nikon Olympus, Canon ( camera producers) Kitchen Aid (consumer electronics ) Caterpillar (trucks, bulldozers) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 9 What have been the key factors that have led to McDonald’s global success? 10 2. What have been the key factors that have led McDonalds to global success? †¢ †¢ †¢ Fast service enabled by a limited menu, focus on cleanliness, family friendly facilities, good value for money Emergence of cash-rich, time-poor lifestyle Societal acceptance of a more casual approach to eating on the run underscored the emergence of McDonalds Innovations in food preparation technology and service delivery providing a fast- service format that customers appreciate as well as a cost base that competitors found hard to match Waiter labor cost savings passed on directly to the consumers through lower prices McDonalds was the leader to introduce franchising in the global marketplace, augmenting the organic restaurant growth by harnessing the management, cultural and entrepreneurial capabilities and capital of local businesspeople around the world. Expanding across the globe Increasing restaurant penetration in already existing markets †¢ †¢ †¢ 11 2. What have been the key factors that have led McDonalds to global success? Key Faktors: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Economies of scale in production and distribution Power and scope Brand image was country suited Ability to leverage ideas quickly and efficiently Uniformity of marketing practices Pervasiveness of McDonalds brand 12 2. What have been the key factors that have led McDonalds to global success? †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ McDonald’s is seen as the number one representative of the all American lifestyle, which at the time when the expansion began was very popular. In some countries it is still a status symbol to go and have a meal at McDonald’s. Generally the cooperation is at pains to offer a selection of standardized core products ( Big Mac, Soft drinks, French Fries) in addition to locally accepted alternatives. Giving the multinational cooperation a local Face (thinking of Salzburg’s restaurant) In order to use synergies on the one hand and reduce national competences on the other a supranational administrative department had been set up in Europe. McDonald’s. has always been supported by US foreign policy Sources : http://de. wikipedia. org/wiki/McDonald’s; Kotler/Keller Marketing Management 13 What are the risks and benefits of choosing the franchising system for franchisor? 14 3. Risks and Benefits of franchise system Benefits for franchisor: The franchisor profits from the strongly motivated franchisee as a self-dependent entrepreneur †¢ The franchising as a way to overcome the resource scarcity through the direct market access †¢ The ability to overcome the high costs of arranging the new distribution network through using the well tailored network of franchisor †¢ Low capital investments for the product placement and region marketing through the franchisee †¢ The benefits from using a recognized brand name and trade marks through the reputation of the franchisor †¢ Extended expansion possibility through franchising 15 3. Risks and Benefits of franchise system Risks for franchisor: †¢ The existence of multiple, geographically dispersed owner-managers makes the control difficult †¢ Possible high costs of training development, promotional and support activities of franchisee †¢ Service delivery may be inconsistent because of geographically dispersed franchisees 16 What are the key issues by setting up a McDonald’s Franchisee? 17 4. Risks and Benefits of franchise system Benefits for the franchisee: †¢ Your business is based on a proven idea. You can check how successful other franchises are before committing yourself. †¢ You can use a recognized brand name and trade marks. You benefit from any advertising or promotion by the owner of the franchise – the â€Å"franchisor†. †¢ The franchisor gives you support – usually including training, help setting up the business, a manual telling you how to run the business and ongoing advice. †¢ Financing the business may be easier. Banks are sometimes more likely to lend money to buy a franchise with a good reputation. †¢ Risk is reduced and is shared by the franchisor. †¢ If you have an existing customer base you will not have to invest time looking to set one up. Relationships with suppliers have already been established. †¢ The ability to overcome the resource constrains. 18 4. Risks and Benefits of franchise system Risks for franchisee: †¢ Costs may be higher than you expect. As well as the initial costs of buying the franc hise, you pay continuing royalties and you may have to agree to buy products from the franchisor. †¢ The franchise agreement usually includes restrictions on how you run the business. You might not be able to make changes to suit your local market. †¢ The franchisor might go out of business, or change the way they do things. †¢ Other franchisees could give the brand a bad reputation. You may find it difficult to sell your franchise – you can only sell it to someone approved by the franchisor. 19 4. Costs and Restrictions Costs: Financial Requirements/Down Payment : Initial down payment for opening (40% of the total cost) or an existing restaurant (25% of the total cost) about 200. 000 $ nonborrowed resources Financing: McDonald’s does not offer financing; McDonald’s Owner/Operators enjoy the benefits of our established relationships with many national lending institutions 20 4. Costs and Restrictions Restrictions: During the term of the franchise, you pay McDonald’s the following fees: †¢ Service fee: a monthly fee based upon the restaurant’s sales performance (currently a service fee of 4. 0% of monthly sales). Rent: a monthly based rent or percentage rent that is a percentage of monthly sales. †¢ Application: Personal, non-borrowed resources to be invested in a McDonald’s restaurant business. †¢ Business experience in the market where they are seeking a franchise 21 What strategy would you adopt to ensure a great exposure for McDonald’s to a growing trend towards healthier eating? 22 5. Healthier eating at McDonald’s Currently: †¢ †¢ Low fat products in UK outlet Canadian light choices of Menu with a Soya bean McVeggie Burger, salads with a fat free dressing and a granola topped fruit yoghurt On packaging calorie and fat content information for the first time as it tries to counter the obesity lobby †¢ 23 5. Healthier eating at McDonald’s Future perspectives: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Using biologically grown resources Fat reduced meals Healthier ways of processing the food (eg. : don’t fry chips but bake them, less white bread burgers, regular vegetarian dishes,) Healthy, freshly squeezed Mc Shakes etc. Healthier Drinks not only Sodas To ensure high-quality, fresh ingredients, farms are set up in order to supply restaurants 24 Sources: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ www. McDonalds. com www. freeforessays. com/show_essay/55461. html D. Jobber â€Å"Principles and Practice of Marketing† Sources : http://de. wikipedia. org/wiki/McDonald’s Kotler/Keller Marketing Management 25 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 26

The Role of Social Media in Managing Customer Relationship Essay

The Role of Social Media in Managing Customer Relationship - Essay Example All strategies at social media are directed by five aspects. These main objectives which the businesses plan to achieve on the social media include becoming popular and visible to the customers, start engaging with the existing and prospect customers, acquiring media attention by engaging with bloggers and journalists, establishing a reputation which promotes word of mouth sales for the business and maximizing the overall sales of the business. All the set objectives are essential to be implemented and they become an essential tool for the business’ social media strategy success. 2.0 THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN MANAGING CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP Social media is considered very important for business marketers and being a new phenomenon it is spreading widely as a business development platform. 2.1. SOCIAL MEDIA Social Media is a forum which facilitates interaction of social community and allows the sharing of various contents through different social community based applicat ions. It includes different forms which include blogs, social sites and videos etc (Kim and Ko, 2012). Gaining extensive popularity the business firms and governmental organizations have started using social media as an important communication tool. Social media based marketing requires comparatively less input and it is highly cost effective if managed properly. The claimed immense development of SM can be witnessed from the following statistics (Bosari, 2012): SM is used as a marketing platform by 94% of the businesses which have an organized marketing department. 60% of the marketers constantly devote their time in the development of the SM forum. 85% of businesses which use the SM platform have admitted that... This essay approves that since recent past messages were communicated to the public through press releases, advertisements and press conferences. Over the years, new methods and channels of communication are developed and social media is one of them. Social media is an active channel which is used for maintaining social society. Social media is considered very important for business marketers and being a new phenomenon it is spreading widely as a business development platform. This report makes a conclusion that the social community and advertising on the SM affects the consumers buying behavior. Based on the earlier discussion the customers carefully assess the ratings and reviews which have been given to the products or services this attracts the users and establishes their end buying decisions. The decision of the consumers to buy or not to buy the product is referred to as the purchase decision. From various studies it has been derived that the attitudes and the preferences of the consumers towards the Brand is detrimental to measuring the attitude of the customers. The purchase intention is based on the attitude of the customer which develops with the equity. The implications of this research clearly elaborate the significance of Social Media and its contribution in effectively managing customer relationship. From this report an assessment has been developed about the effect of Social Media on customer service, brand loyalty and purchase intention of the customers. It has been noted that worldwide social media is progressing.

William Paleys Teleological Argument Research Paper

William Paleys Teleological Argument - Research Paper Example When a watch that has an intricate design and function exists, a creator or designer for the watch also exists. Therefore, the existence of the universe and living beings in it uphold the belief that there is someone behind their creation and that creator is God. This can further be discerned from the fact that without a creation no creation is possible. Paley’s view is that a watch has several metal parts and each has a distinct place and function in making the machine work. He then puts forth a reasonable argument that of the alignment is disturbed or if even a tiny part of misplaced, the watch will cease its function. If one puts together bits and pieces of metals and waits for an eternity, the particle will not join together and make a watch and, therefore, it transpires that behind the watch there is a designer who has put the right things in the right place to achieve alignment for the machine to work. He compares the universe to a similar phenomenon, which needs to have a designer to make such a scheme of things to work and argues that God is the designer, which is a tenable contention. Anselm argues that to understand God a human must first believe in Him and without belief understanding does not occur and one cannot hope to first understand God and then believe in Him. He asserts the Christian faith that God is a bei ng â€Å"than which none greater can be conceived† (Oppenheimer & Zalta 2) and, thus, he contends that since God represents perfection, this very notion implies the His existence. In Anselm’s view, belief is the means to understand God and not the end one pursues through understanding God. Thus, if one believes in God, one can feel the presence of God but one cannot aspire to feel the presence of God and then believe in Him. His philosophy emphasizes the ideals of Christian faith, which believes that there is no being greater than God.

Personal Reflection Essay Example for Free

Personal Reflection Essay Personal Reflection I will begin observing the environment through nurture and nature in developing our self concept. Self concepts are the realization of experiences gathered from history and the future in how people were, and who he or she aspires to be. Studies demonstrate that people look to society for suspicions, trust, and an accepting of what to expect from situations in society. For example, the way we intermingle and what society believes he or she is supposed to adhere to. In the social world it is our mind-set about the world, and the part we play effects our dealings. The social influences of an individual are viewed acceptable in guiding the self’s behavior. The concept of self is broken into three components; self efficacy, concept, and our self-esteem. After reviewing these concepts it becomes clearer in appreciating who I am, and my place in society. I can share my own experiences that have contributed to my social development. It gives me more knowledge and confidence of myself. Self The way we recognize ourselves defines who we are. Self concept relates to how we categorize our features and roles we see when viewing our self. A better definition of oneself is how we interrelate; the interactions influence and lead our behavior. The self concept correlates to three theories: self perception, self presentation, and dissonance theory (Myers, 2011). Self perception is how one determines their actions of other situations environmentally, persona, and approach. Our self perception allows us to witness an individual’s poor attitude; the individual can see how his or her behavior and situation relates to the manner. He or she can inspect his or herself from the outside world, deciding on values of how the individual retorts to circumstances. Self presentation presents consistency. One does not want to be or prove foolishness and inconsistent. The scrutiny of inconsistencies is a person showing artificiality and behaving as a hypocrite. However, the actions assist in giving good wisdom, which reveals the reality of us. In cognitive dissonance this shows how an individual is motivated to retain consistencies with his or her self’s cognition. The theory illustrates an individual who can sense anxiety and a need of synchronization when two ideas are incompatible (Myers, 2011). When an individual tries to validate their actions by defending it, he or she will not be amenable to correcting his or her self; demonstrating that the self is becoming consistent with actions without remembering past values. The theory is similar to the notion of self persuasion, although self perception illustrates why individuals compare his or herself to other individuals (Myers, 2011). Self Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self Efficacy I am viewed in three different aspects of life. The three perspectives explain my behavior on how I see my persona, physical self, self beliefs, and objectives, and exchanges within society. One of the first concepts is self concept. This is how the self sees his or herself in the social world. In present studies of the exact self and opposites of hopelessness are the relationships of self concept. When we are true to ourselves it provides the meaning of life. The way we see ourselves establishes our experiences of social life. I observe myself as a mother, an individual, and a friend. I hold a set of standards by setting goals, and following through with good examples that my children will follow. I rely on my friends and family for advice on adequate behavior as well as dealing with events in my life. I learn from others experiences but also link them to my own version of how situations should be dealt with. We are products of our own environment, and as I become older I expect that I will always love, know, and appreciate myself. The second concept is self-esteem that pertains to our confidence. This concept is more than thinking of one’s self, but a normalcy of our own aptitude. Self-esteem is something we all have; however, some can become the victims to grovel (Buhrmester, Blanton, amp; Swann, 2011). As I think of my self-esteem and reflections of holding my head up, not listening to others hypocritical words, and I am capable of meeting requirements; shows that I am far from perfect. However, I am comfortable with the person I am. Self-esteem is one who’s able to know and recognize who he or she is when the world is cruel and mean. The last concept is self efficacy. Self efficacy is being able to complete task that someone else can do, but he or she can do it better and more quickly. In addition there is acknowledgment of appraisal for a job well done. Self efficacy is also how a person thinks, believes, proceeds and is goaded to complete the task. It is important to the individual how well we execute in comparison to others; if we are competent and can accomplish objectives. Self efficacy is also the ability to take on new task and be successful at that. For example, my ability in obtaining a degree from UOPX to get to my ultimate goal and it contributes to myself concept and self-esteem (Myers, 2011). Social Experiences or Events of Personal Development As I reflect back on my life there were many incidents and many people who influenced me. I have been on my own as of the age of 18 and began my life as a mother at the age of 21. Once I had my first daughter I realized I could define myself and my part in society. I was no longer an individual, just a friend, or daughter. Becoming a mother was to me this life fulfilling prophecy and fueled me to want more out of life. In this stage of my life as a single woman raising a child motivated me to become a better person. My other three girls have led me to the second stage of personal development. I was married, but have separated from my husband. I walk away from that marriage with a total of four daughters, and it has given me the ambition to finish college with a degree in Psychology. This finally will put me in a place where I can do what I enjoy and be successful at the same time. I know who I am and where I want to be. This is the role I was meant to play; I am secure and gifted in meeting new people and going new places. I have conquered the element of motherhood, which others look to me for guidance. Each day I put my best foot forward to be better than the day before. Conclusion The environment has a profound impact on what we do and who we are, but the self is how we see ourselves socially and personally. The individual is a combination of his or her self concept, self-esteem, and self efficacy. We rely solely on these aspects of our lives to develop into the individual we will become or aspire to be, knowing who we are aids us in the world. It helps to make our lives easier and maneuver through every day task with ease. My past has given me an inner strength to strive and to change as the world changes. I have matured and become the person I am because I am unique; possessing qualities that make it possible for self actualization.

Aristophanes the Comic Writer Essay -- essays research papers

Aristophanes Aristophanes was a comic writer who lived between 450 and 385 BC and composed about forty plays in his lifetime. His plays were all comedies, which usually addressed very serious political and social issues in a direct and crude manner, which, like much of today's comedy, is what made them funny for the audience to watch and appreciate. Many of the comedies would even go as far as mocking members of the audience or making personal attacks upon contemporary political personalities. Aristophanes’ â€Å"Lysistrata† is no exception to this crude comedy, ridiculing what he thinks is the absurdity of the Peloponnesian War. The comedy is a brilliantly constructed piece with an extremely profound underlying message encouraging a Panhellenic society. He does not see the point of the battles within the country and wishes a unification of the city-states. Therefore through his work he wishes to enlighten the people of Greece. In order to understand the meaning behind Aristophanes’ play, some background history of the events leading up to the war is needed. There are three important occurrences, which ultimately led to the outbreak. It all started when Epidamnus (a colony of Corcyra) became involved in a political struggle. Democratic factions had taken control of the colony’s government and forced the aristocrats out of power. In retaliation for this action the aristocrats joined with barbaric forces and attacked the city and its surrounding areas. Seeking help, the colony sent a request to Corcyra, its motherland, for military intervention. Corcyra however refused to help the Epidamnians in their political struggle, and so the colony went to the city-state of Corinth for assistance. Being itself distantly related to the people of this colony, the Corinthians sent ships to suppress the violence. This move greatly displeased the Corcyraeans who saw the Corinthians as interfering with their af fairs. So in turn, they sent their own ships to intercept the Corinthians. To counter the Corinthian action, the Corcyraeans made an alliance with Athens (who had a very bitter relationship with Corinth). Acting according to a duty to protect the Epidamnians and possibly just to stand up to the Athenians, the Corinthian fleet attacked the Corcyraeans anyway. The resulting engagement was won decisively by Corcyraeans because of the Athenian support. This act further embitte... ...hough some of the women were weakened, it was the support of others that helped them overcome their cravings. This gives us a reference to the good that comes out of a united group.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aristophanes using more comical examples putting light on the stupidities of this war. In a scene involving Myrrhine and her husband, Myrrhine puts her husband through torture†¦ â€Å"I’m dead: the woman’s worn me all away. She’s gone and left me with an anguished pulse. What shall I put thee in (O woe!) Since into something thou must go, Poor little lad†¦ he pines and peeks. Our lovely girl has proved a curse.† (Lysistrata, P. 319) This is all a comical twist, which appeals to the audience. Whether they realize it or not, they are being exposed to the faults of the war. Aristophanes is able to get his message across to a lot of people and in turn the word is spread.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aristophanes’ play serves a greater purpose than a mere comical work. He addresses his views on the Peloponnesian War. He expresses his resentment of the war and pokes fun at how illogical it truly is. Through this comedy he is able to reach the public crowd and spread his views.

Deception Point Page 49

Marjorie Tench's raspy voice echoed in her mind. Are you aware that Sexton is accepting bribes from private aerospace companies? Gabrielle's pulse began racing as she gazed down the darkened hallway toward the archway that led into the senator's den. She knew she should speak up, announce her presence, and yet she felt herself inching quietly forward. She moved to within a few feet of the archway and stood soundlessly in the shadows†¦ listening to the conversation beyond. 55 While Delta-Three stayed behind to collect Norah Mangor's body and the sled, the other two soldiers accelerated down the glacier after their quarry. On their feet they wore ElektroTread-powered skis. Modeled after the consumer Fast Trax motorized skis, the classified ElektroTreads were essentially snow skis with miniaturized tank treads affixed-like snowmobiles worn on the feet. Speed was controlled by pushing the tips of the index finger and thumb together, compressing two pressure plates inside the right-hand glove. A powerful gel battery was molded around the foot, doubling as insulation and allowing the skis to run silently. Ingeniously, the kinetic energy generated by gravity and the spinning treads as the wearer glided down a hill was automatically harvested to recharge the batteries for the next incline. Keeping the wind at his back, Delta-One crouched low, skimming seaward as he surveyed the glacier before him. His night vision system was a far cry from the Patriot model used by the Marines. Delta-One was looking through a hands-free face mount with a 40 x 90 mm six-element lens, three-element Magnification Doubler, and Super Long Range IR. The world outside appeared in a translucent tint of cool blue, rather than the usual green-the color scheme especially designed for highly reflective terrains like the Arctic. As he approached the first berm, Delta-One's goggles revealed several bright stripes of freshly disturbed snow, rising up and over the berm like a neon arrow in the night. Apparently the three escapees had either not thought to unhook their makeshift sail or had been unable to. Either way, if they had not released by the final berm, they were now somewhere out in the ocean. Delta-One knew his quarry's protective clothing would lengthen the usual life expectancy in the water, but the relentless offshore currents would drag them out to sea. Drowning would be inevitable. Despite his confidence, Delta-One had been trained never to assume. He needed to see bodies. Crouching low, he pressed his fingers together and accelerated up the first incline. Michael Tolland lay motionless, taking stock of his bruises. He was battered, but he sensed no broken bones. He had little doubt the gel-filled Mark IX had saved him any substantial trauma. As he opened his eyes, his thoughts were slow to focus. Everything seemed softer here†¦ quieter. The wind still howled, but with less ferocity. We went over the edge-didn't we? Focusing, Tolland found he was lying on ice, draped across Rachel Sexton, almost at right angles, their locked carabiners twisted. He could feel her breathing beneath him, but he could not see her face. He rolled off her, his muscles barely responding. â€Å"Rachel†¦?† Tolland wasn't sure if his lips were making sound or not. Tolland recalled the final seconds of their harrowing ride-the upward drag of the balloon, the payload cable snapping, their bodies plummeting down the far side of the berm, sliding up and over the final mound, skimming toward the edge-the ice running out. Tolland and Rachel had fallen, but the fall had been oddly short. Rather than the expected plunge to the sea, they had fallen only ten feet or so before hitting another slab of ice and sliding to a stop with the dead weight of Corky in tow. Now, raising his head, Tolland looked toward the sea. Not far away, the ice ended in a sheer cliff, beyond which he could hear the sounds of the ocean. Looking back up the glacier, Tolland strained to see into the night. Twenty yards back, his eyes met a high wall of ice, which seemed to hang above them. It was then that he realized what had happened. Somehow they had slid off the main glacier onto a lower terrace of ice. This section was flat, as large as a hockey rink, and had partially collapsed-preparing to cleave off into the ocean at any moment. Ice calving, Tolland thought, eyeing the precarious platform of ice on which he was now lying. It was a broad square slab that hung off the glacier like a colossal balcony, surrounded on three sides by precipices to the ocean. The sheet of ice was attached to the glacier only at its back, and Tolland could see the connection was anything but permanent. The boundary where the lower terrace clung to the Milne Ice Shelf was marked by a gaping pressure fissure almost four feet across. Gravity was well on its way to winning this battle. Almost more frightening than seeing the fissure was Tolland's seeing the motionless body of Corky Marlinson crumpled on the ice. Corky lay ten yards away at the end of a taut tether attached to them. Tolland tried to stand up, but he was still attached to Rachel. Repositioning himself, he began detaching their interlocking carabiners. Rachel looked weak as she tried to sit up. â€Å"We didn't†¦ go over?† Her voice was bewildered. â€Å"We fell onto a lower block of ice,† Tolland said, finally unfastening himself from her. â€Å"I've got to help Corky.† Painfully, Tolland attempted to stand, but his legs felt feeble. He grabbed the tether and heaved. Corky began sliding toward them across the ice. After a dozen or so pulls, Corky was lying on the ice a few feet away. Corky Marlinson looked beaten. He'd lost his goggles, suffered a bad cut on his cheek, and his nose was bleeding. Tolland's worries that Corky might be dead were quickly allayed when Corky rolled over and looked at Tolland with an angry glare. â€Å"Jesus,† he stammered. â€Å"What the hell was that little trick!† Tolland felt a wave of relief. Rachel sat up now, wincing. She looked around. â€Å"We need to†¦ get off of here. This block of ice looks like it's about to fall.† Tolland couldn't have agreed more. The only question was how. They had no time to consider a solution. A familiar high-pitched whir became audible above them on the glacier. Tolland's gaze shot up to see two white-clad figures ski effortlessly up onto the edge and stop in unison. The two men stood there a moment, peering down at their battered prey like chess masters savoring checkmate before the final kill. Delta-One was surprised to see the three escapees alive. He knew, however, this was a temporary condition. They had fallen onto a section of the glacier that had already begun its inevitable plunge to the sea. This quarry could be disabled and killed in the same manner as the other woman, but a far cleaner solution had just presented itself. A way in which no bodies would ever be found. Gazing downward over the lip, Delta-One focused on the gaping crevasse that had begun to spread like a wedge between the ice shelf and the clinging block of ice. The section of ice on which the three fugitives sat was dangerously perched†¦ ready to break away and fall into the ocean any day now. Why not today†¦ Here on the ice shelf, the night was rocked every few hours by deafening booms-the sound of ice cracking off parts of the glacier and plummeting into the ocean. Who would take notice? Feeling the familiar warm rush of adrenaline that accompanied the preparation for a kill, Delta-One reached in his supply pack and pulled out a heavy, lemon-shaped object. Standard issue for military assault teams, the object was called a flash-bang-a â€Å"nonlethal† concussion grenade that temporarily disoriented an enemy by generating a blinding flash and deafening concussion wave. Tonight, however, Delta-One knew this flash-bang would most certainly be lethal. He positioned himself near the edge and wondered how far the crevasse descended before tapering to a close. Twenty feet? Fifty feet? He knew it didn't matter. His plan would be effective regardless.

Egans Theory Essay

This is a 3-stage model or framework offered by Egan as useful in helping people solve problems and develop opportunities. The goals of using the model are to help people ‘to manage their problems in living more effectively and develop unused opportunities more fully’, and to ‘help people become better at helping themselves in their everyday lives.’ (Egan G., ‘The Skilled Helper’, 1998, p7-8). Thus there is an emphasis on empowerment. Also the person s own agenda is central, and the model seeks to move the person towards action leading to outcomes which they choose and value. This model is not based on a particular theory of personality development, nor on a theory of the ways difficulties develop. It is a framework for conceptualising the helping process, and is best used in working on issues in the recent past and the present. As with any model, it provides a map, which can be used in exploring, but which is not the territory itself. The Egan model and mentoring are not synonymous; the model can be used in many kinds of helping relationships, and mentoring/co-mentoring can be done using other models, (or none!). The model can and should be used flexibly. The model works best if attention is paid to Rogers’ ‘core conditions’, the helpers approach to the speaker being based on genuineness, respect, and empathy, and if principles of good active listening are remembered throughout. The Egan model aims to help the speaker address 3 main questions: 1. ‘What is going on?’ 2. ‘What do I want instead?’ 3. ‘How might I get to what I want?’ Not everyone needs to address all 3 questions, and at times people may move back into previously answered ones. For simplicity, we’ll look at the model sequentially. However, the skilled helper will work with the speaker in all or any of the stages, and move back and forward, as appropriate. Stage 1 is about providing a safe place for the speaker to tell their story in their own way, and to be fully heard and acknowledged. It is about a space where a person can hear and understand their own story. It is also about gently helping them lift their head to see the wider picture and other perspectives, and to find a point from which to go forward with hope. 1a – an expansive part The helper encourages the speaker to tell their story, and by using good active listening skills and demonstrating the core conditions, helps them to explore and unfold the tale, and to reflect. For some, this is enough, for others it is just the beginning. â€Å"†¦.as you summarised what I said, all the jumble began to make sense.† Skills in Stage 1a:- active listening, reflecting, paraphrasing, checking understanding, open questions, summarising. Useful Questions: How do/did you feel about that? What are/were you thinking? What is/was that like for you? Keep them open! What else is there about that? 1b – a challenging part Since they are in the situation, it can be difficult for the person speaking to see it clearly, or from different angles. With the help of empathic reflections and challenges, the speaker uncovers blind spots or gaps in their perceptions and assessment of the situation, of others and of  themselves – their patterns, the impact of their behaviour on the situation, their strengths. â€Å"I’d never thought about how it might feel from my colleague’s point of view.† * Skills: Challenging; different perspectives, patterns and connections, shoulds and oughts, negative self-talk, blind spots (discrepancies, distortions, incomplete awareness, things implied, what’s not said), ownership, specifics, strengths. * Useful Questions: * How do others see it/you? * Is there anything you’ve overlooked? * What does he/she think/feel? * What would s/he say about all this? * What about all of this is a problem for you? * Any other way of looking at it? 1c -Focussing and moving forward People often feel stuck; that is why they want to talk. In this stage, the helper seeks to move the speaker from stuckness to hope by helping Them choose an area that they have the energy to move forward on, that would make a difference and benefit them. â€Å"I see now the key place to get started is my relationship with K† * Skills: Facilitating focussing and prioritising an area to work on. * Useful Questions: * What in all of this is the most important? * What would be best to work on now? * What would make the most difference? * What is manageable? Stage 1 can be 5 minutes or 5 years; it may be all someone needs. Stage 2 – What do I want instead? People often move from problem to action, or problem to solution, without reflecting on what they really want, or in what way their problems might be opportunities. Stage 2 is about this, about helping the speaker to open up a picture of what they really want, and how things could be better. This stage is very important in generating energy and hope. 2a – a creative part The helper helps the speaker to brainstorm their ideal scenario; ‘if you  could wake up tomorrow with everything just how you want it, like your ideal world, what would it be like?’ The speaker is encouraged to broaden their horizon and be imaginative, rather than reflect on practicalities. For some people this is scary, for some liberating. â€Å"At first it was really difficult but after a while I Jet my imagination go and began to get really excited about what we could achieve in the department†. * Skills: Brainstorming, facilitating imaginative thinking, i.e. * Quantity vs. Quality Anything goes – have fun * Write down ideas verbatim, don’t analyse or judge * Keep prompting – ‘what else?’ * Don’t hurry, allow lots of time * Useful Questions: * What do you ideally want instead? * What would be happening? * What would you be doing/thinking/feeling? * What would you have that you don’t have now? * What would it be like if it were better / a bit better? 2b – a reality testing part From the creative and visionary brainstorm, the speaker formulates goals which are specific, measurable, achievable/appropriate (for them, in their circumstances), realistic (with reference to the real world), and have a time frame attached, i.e. SMART goals. Goals which are demanding yet achievable are motivating. â€Å"It feels good to be clear that I want a clear understanding with my colleagues about our respective rules and responsibilities.† * Skills: facilitating selecting and reality checking with respect to internal and external landscape. * Useful Questions: * What exactly is your goal? * How would you know when you’ve got there? * What could you manage/are you likely to achieve? * Which feels best for you? * Out of all that, what would be realistic? * When do you want to achieve it by? 2c – moving forward This stage aims to test the realism of the goal before the person moves to action, and to help the speaker check their commitment to the goal by reviewing the costs and benefits to them of achieving it. Is it worth it? â€Å"It feels risky but I need to resolve this.† * Skills: facilitation of exploring costs and benefits, and checking commitment to goal. * Useful Questions: * What will be the benefits when you achieve this? * How will it be different for you when you’ve done this? * What will be the costs of doing this? Any disadvantages/downsides to doing this? Stage 3 – How will I get there? This is the ‘how’ stage†¦ how will the person move towards the goals they have identified in Stage 2? It is about possible strategies and specific actions, about doing something to get started, whilst considering what/who might help and hinder making the change. 3a – another creative part! The speaker is helped to brainstorm strategies – 101 ways to achieve the goal – again with prompting and encouragement to think widely. What people, places, ideas, organisations could help? The aim is to free up the person to generate new and different ideas for action, breaking out of old mind-sets. â€Å"There were gems of possibilities from seemingly crazy ideas†. * Skills: Facilitation of brainstorming * Useful Questions: * How many different ways are there for you to do this? * Who/what might help? * What has worked before/for others? * What about some wild ideas? 3b – focussing in on appropriate strategies What from the brainstorm might be selected as a strategy that is realistic for the speaker, in their circumstances, consistent with their values? Forcefield analysis can be used here to look at what internal and external factors (individuals and organisations) are likely to help and hinder action and how these can be strengthened or weakened respectively. â€Å"I would feel comfortable trying to have a conversation with him about how he sees things†. * Skills for Stage 3b: Facilitation of selecting and reality checking. * Useful Questions: * Which of these ideas appeals most? * Which is most likely to work for you? * Which are within your resources/control? 3c – moving to action The aim is to help the speaker plan the next steps. The strategy is broken into bite-size chunks of action. Here the speaker is doing almost all the work, producing their action plan. The helper works with them to turn good intention into specific plans with time scales. Whilst being encouraging, it’s also important not to push the speaker into saying they’ll do things to please the helper. â€Å"I will make sure we have time together before the end of the month. I will book a meeting, so that we can be sure of quiet uninterrupted time. I will organise this before Friday†. * Skills: Facilitation of action planning. * Useful Questions: * What will you do first? When? * What will you do next? When? If the end point of producing an action plan has been reached, the experience of trying it out could be the starting point for a follow-up mentoring/co-mentoring session. The work would start in stage I again, telling a new story. If an action plan had not been reached, that’s fine too, and the model can be used over a series of sessions. The key in using the model, as with any theory or model, is to keep the speakers agenda central, the individual in the foreground and theory in the background, and to use the model for the person, rather than vice versa.

Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper

In The Yellow Wallpaper, originally published in 1899, Charlotte Gilman presents the internal dialogue of a woman diagnosed with â€Å"hysteria† and for whom total rest has been prescribed. In the short story, the patient is slowly driven mad by her cure, prescribed by her physician husband, and is cut off from any intellectual pursuits whatsoever. The misdiagnosis of depression and anxiety leads the woman on a downward spiral that eventually causes her to perceive the yellow wallpaper in her room as a projection of herself. The woman is eventually able to regain self-empowerment by tearing down her barriers, in the form of the wallpaper in her room. The narrator initiates the story by describing a beautiful, but prison-like house, run by the protagonist’s husband that both realistically and symbolically confines his wife. The husband keeps his wife incommodious for two probable reasons. First, the husband was a physician and despite his good intentions, ignorantly prescribed the worst treatment imaginable for depression, inactivity. Second, most likely due to society at the time, the man arrogantly perpetuates an ideological prison that subjects and silences his wife. The husband prescribes a remedy for his wife, a woman, which he would not also recommend for a man. Because the doctor’s decision was based on no physiological or proven psychological difference between man and woman, the doctor’s rational is not merely medical, but sexist. Society supported the sexist idea that did not believe a woman should enjoy creative expression, mental stimulus, or access to things that fulfill her. These belief s influenced the husband’s decision to confine his wife physically which also lead to her psychologically imprisonment. Further evidence of John’s sexist and psychological ignorance reveals itself when he refers to his wife as â€Å"little girl† and repeatedly coos such phrases as â€Å"blessed little goose† or â€Å"b... Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper In The Yellow Wallpaper, originally published in 1899, Charlotte Gilman presents the internal dialogue of a woman diagnosed with â€Å"hysteria† and for whom total rest has been prescribed. In the short story, the patient is slowly driven mad by her cure, prescribed by her physician husband, and is cut off from any intellectual pursuits whatsoever. The misdiagnosis of depression and anxiety leads the woman on a downward spiral that eventually causes her to perceive the yellow wallpaper in her room as a projection of herself. The woman is eventually able to regain self-empowerment by tearing down her barriers, in the form of the wallpaper in her room. The narrator initiates the story by describing a beautiful, but prison-like house, run by the protagonist’s husband that both realistically and symbolically confines his wife. The husband keeps his wife incommodious for two probable reasons. First, the husband was a physician and despite his good intentions, ignorantly prescribed the worst treatment imaginable for depression, inactivity. Second, most likely due to society at the time, the man arrogantly perpetuates an ideological prison that subjects and silences his wife. The husband prescribes a remedy for his wife, a woman, which he would not also recommend for a man. Because the doctor’s decision was based on no physiological or proven psychological difference between man and woman, the doctor’s rational is not merely medical, but sexist. Society supported the sexist idea that did not believe a woman should enjoy creative expression, mental stimulus, or access to things that fulfill her. These belief s influenced the husband’s decision to confine his wife physically which also lead to her psychologically imprisonment. Further evidence of John’s sexist and psychological ignorance reveals itself when he refers to his wife as â€Å"little girl† and repeatedly coos such phrases as â€Å"blessed little goose† or â€Å"b...

Aniconic and Iconic Art in South Asian Art Essay

Aniconic and Iconic Art in South Asian Art - Essay Example Image No.4 is a sculpture known as the Bodhisattva of Ajanta from south-central India belonging to the 5th century CE, which is a possible representation of the Guptas’ golden age. This art form is an illustration of dynasty vs. region as it is brought out by local vs. foreign traditions. Image No.5 is an illustration of a large temple known as Ambh Sharif that is located on a salt range in West Punjab, Pakistan that was built in the 10th century AD. The building representation of the emphasis placed on dynasty vs. the importance of regional traditions. It is also a clear representation of the fluidity of iconography between water cosmology, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Islam. Image No.6 is a folio from the Kalpastura & Kalakacharya-Katha of northern India possibly from Delhi with the catalog No.1475. This art form represents religion, its influences on trade and conquest and its role as a pan-Asian connector. It illustrates the fluidity of architectural iconography among Hinduism, Jainism, and Islam. Image No.7 is a folio from the Harivamsa catalog No.1595 called Fatehpur Sikri or Agra of India. It belongs to the art of the Mughals, Rajputs and Deccani rulers’ period. In the context of this paper, this art form is a primary source of information regarding continuities and innovations of Islam in South Asia (DhÄ r and NMI 183). It is also a representation of the comparison between dynasties vs. regional traditions, the fluidity of iconography among Hinduism and Islam, and fluidity among the religious and secular realms. Image No.8 is a piece of art that is described as Karkhana 89 of natural pigments on Wasli Ca.2003, and it features on the contemporary trends section. Aniconism is the religious belief or practice that avoids or bans depiction of deities in art or other artistic expressions.

Nothing Works Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nothing Works - Essay Example It was subsequently recognized both by Maretinson himself and others who reviewed his original conclusion that this inferences were academically flawed since they did not accurately reflect the evaluation studies or the reality of specific circumstances (Lipton 1998). The reasons were varied, but essentially only part of the available data was used in the report and some successful programs were not included in the analysis. Whatever the reasons, it was clear the conclusions Martinson memorialized in 1974 assumed essentially that nothing in the way of rehabilitation programs worked. In evaluating male and female prisoners, the same conclusion was reached for both, mainly that most correction programs did not work and lacked both short term and long term effectiveness. In later studies however, it was recognized that the root cause of the initial incarceration needed to be addressed as well as the learning style of male and female inmates, in order to reduce the likelihood that treatment programs were not effective (Dowden & Andrews 1999). For example, effective programs for female inmates needed to address such areas as victimization, abuse, parenting, and other issues that are primarily associated with females and their specific needs.